Bayer

Reference: page 100

Bayer AG operates under German stock corporation law with a dual governance system. In 2024 the Board of Management effectively had six executive members, with a transitional seventh in April, and the Supervisory Board had 20 nonexecutive members split equally between stockholder and employee representatives. The bodies hold extensive expertise across products, value chains and regions, summarized in expertise and independence tables. CEO William N. (Bill) Anderson also serves as Chief Sustainability Officer and, with the full Board, forms the first level of responsibility for sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities. Since 2022 the Supervisory Board has an ESG Committee chaired by Ertharin Cousin. The Public Affairs, Sustainability and Safety Enabling Function, a Human Rights Officer and an external Sustainability Council support governance. Group sustainability targets are integrated into Board compensation.

Reference: page 103

Bayer's double materiality assessment was conducted by the Public Affairs, Sustainability and Safety Enabling Function under ESRS requirements. The results were presented to the Board of Management and to the Supervisory Board's ESG Committee, and employee representatives were also informed. The Board was briefed twice in 2024 on the effectiveness of adopted strategies and measures. Divisions and enabling functions steer sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities, with Procurement responsible for supply chain sustainability and the Supplier Code of Conduct, Human Resources for embedding sustainability into culture, and M&A integrating sustainability into acquisition decisions. In 2024 the bodies addressed specific material matters including climate change mitigation and adaptation, substances of very high concern, water in agriculture, workforce and human rights impacts, value chain worker rights, positive product contributions, and business conduct.

Reference: page 104

Bayer's Board of Management compensation links financial success with social and environmental responsibility through fixed and variable components. The long-term stock-based incentive (LTI) factors in annually established targets based on Group sustainability targets through 2030. Sustainability targets can also feature in individual short-term variable compensation targets, with a multiplication factor between 0.8 and 1.2. The 100 million targets and greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets serve as integrated performance benchmarks. At least 70 percent of contractually agreed target direct compensation is performance-based. For the LTI, relative capital market performance is weighted 80 percent and sustainability 20 percent, with greenhouse gas reduction targets and social targets each making up half of the sustainability component. The Supervisory Board does not receive variable target-based compensation.

Reference: page 105

Bayer's due diligence responsibility includes identifying and addressing negative impacts of its operations on people and the environment. This continuous process responds to changes in strategy, business model and business relations, following the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Corporate policies, processes and monitoring systems govern implementation of human rights and environmental standards, supported by training such as the Respecting Human Rights at Bayer course, and extending to suppliers and business partners. A table maps the core elements of due diligence to locations in the sustainability statement, covering embedding due diligence in governance, strategy and business model, engaging affected stakeholders, identifying and assessing adverse impacts, taking action to address them, and tracking effectiveness and communicating results.

Reference: page 105

To ensure reliable sustainability reporting, Bayer analyzes risks in the information acquisition and handling process and mitigates them through internal controls adapted to each process step, such as the dual control principle for environmental data collection. Risks are assessed and prioritized by likelihood and potential impact. Bayer is working to formalize an internal control system for sustainability reporting. Material risks relate to incomplete or incorrect data arising during collection at sites, countries or functions and during central calculation, consolidation or transmission, as well as imprecise qualitative information if regulatory requirements or internal stakeholder validation are not fully observed. Mitigations include dual control and automated data transfers. Both the Board of Management and Supervisory Board are notified about the reporting process, and the Audit Committee was informed about reporting risks and the planned internal control system in 2024.

Reference: page 106

Bayer is a life science company with three divisions: Crop Science, Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Health, pursuing the mission Health for all, Hunger for none. Group sales totaled 46,606 million euros in 2024, with 94,081 employees worldwide as of December 31, 2024. Crop Science offers seeds and traits and crop protection; Pharmaceuticals focuses on prescription products in cardiovascular and women's health plus oncology, hematology, ophthalmology and radiology; Consumer Health markets over-the-counter products. The report describes value chains for crop protection, seeds and traits, digital farming, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and consumer health. Bayer's sustainability targets include supporting 100 million smallholder farmers, enabling 100 million women to access modern contraception, and supporting 100 million people with self-care, all by 2030, plus achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions across the value chain by 2050.

Reference: page 109

Bayer maintains continuous dialogue with stakeholders whose expectations influence its societal acceptance and business success. It distinguishes four stakeholder groups: partners (suppliers, customers and consumers, employees, associations, universities), financial market participants (rating agencies, banks, investors), societal stakeholders (NGOs, competitors, the public) and regulators (politicians, regulatory authorities, legislators). Expectations are assessed through the double materiality assessment surveying external stakeholders and executives globally. Dialogue follows the Bayer Societal Engagement (BASE) principles and varies by theme, organized globally by the Public Affairs, Sustainability and Safety Enabling Function or locally by divisions. The Sustainability Council, Human Rights Officer and ESG Committee inform the Board of Management. In 2024 Bayer engaged on sustainable agriculture, healthcare, nutrition, climate change, biodiversity, water, taxes, lobbying and family planning, and is expanding its regenerative agriculture concept and related dialogue.

Reference: page 112

Through its double materiality assessment, Bayer identified 76 material impacts, risks and opportunities across its own operations and the upstream and downstream value chains. These fall under all ten topical ESRS standards (E1 to E5, S1 to S4 and G1) plus general matters, and all fall under ESRS disclosure requirements. They are presented in two structured registers: a table of financial risks and opportunities related to sustainability matters, and a table of negative and positive impacts (potential and actual). Climate change, in particular the associated financial risks for Bayer and its agricultural customers and the opportunities from its products, has prompted Bayer to frame its strategy around regenerative agriculture, an outcome-based production model built on productivity and better regeneration. Bayer believes this strategy and business model enable it to manage material impacts and risks and leverage opportunities across short-, medium- and long-term horizons.

Reference: page 116

In 2024 Bayer conducted a double materiality assessment in accordance with the ESRS, building on earlier evaluations including its prior materiality assessment, human rights risk assessment and climate scenario analysis, in close coordination with enterprise risk management (ERM). It assumed planetary limits and stakeholder needs are crucial for identifying issues. Potential material impacts are identified through comprehensive research and assessed by external and internal experts, with consultations validated by the external Sustainability Council. Impact materiality uses an average view with a threshold of 2.5 on a scale of 1 to 5, prioritizing human rights impacts by severity over likelihood. Financial risks and opportunities are assessed using the ERM method by likelihood and financial scope, taking material impacts as input. Results are approved by the Board of Management and integrated into the ERM process.

Reference: page 120

For an overview of the disclosure requirements under ESRS covered in the report, Bayer refers to Chapter A 4.5 ESRS Index, and for data points resulting from other EU legal regulations to Chapter A 4.6 Data Points From Other EU Legal Regulations. Information is assessed as material or nonmaterial within the scope of the double materiality assessment according to the specifications in ESRS 1, section 3.2. Data points are considered material if they pertain to material impacts, risks and opportunities and support users of the sustainability statement in their decision-making processes. For details of the methodology, Bayer cross-references the description of the processes to identify and assess material impacts, risks and opportunities under IRO-1.

Reference: pages 131 to 133

Bayer's Transition and Transformation Plan, published for the first time in 2024 as an update of its 2020 climate program, was confirmed by the CEO (also Chief Sustainability Officer) and the ESG Committee of the Supervisory Board, and is anchored in the business strategy. It supports the Paris Agreement and a 1.5 C pathway. The headline target is net zero greenhouse gas emissions across the entire value chain by 2050, meaning at least a 90% reduction in Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions versus base year 2019, with the remaining 10% offset via long-term carbon credits. The combined Scope 1 and 2 target (42% by 2029) and the net zero target were validated by the SBTi in 2024. Decarbonisation levers for Scope 1 and 2 to 2029 (versus 2019): 100% renewable electricity (expected 17 percentage points), energy efficiency, process optimisation and electrification (2 points), decarbonisation of purchased heating and cooling (2 points), and converting the roughly 23,000 vehicle fleet to electric by 2030 (1 point). Scope 1 and 2 emissions were already cut 21.3% from 2019 to 2024. Scope 3 was reduced 12.7% over the same period; planned further reductions to 2029 include 4.2 points via supplier cooperation and 3.6 points from activities such as warehousing, transport, travel and packaging. Carbon capture and storage and other new technologies are needed for the 2050 net zero target. In agriculture, Bayer aims to cut emissions through regenerative agriculture and climate-smart practices. Capital expenditure of up to 200 million euros through 2029 is budgeted for buildings, plants and processes (revised down from a 2019 estimate of 500 million euros); no CapEx is currently planned for short-term Scope 3 measures, and costs beyond 2029 are not published due to uncertainty. The Group reported no EU taxonomy-aligned turnover, CapEx or OpEx for 2024. Bayer notes potential locked-in emissions that it does not expect to jeopardise its 2029 targets, and dependencies on industry-wide development and political framework conditions for the 2050 goal. The plan drew on the Transition Plan Taskforce and CDP standards.

Reference: pages 138 to 142

Bayer's central framework for managing both climate change mitigation and adaptation is its Transition and Transformation Plan. For mitigation, the plan is described as the most important framework for management principles used to make decisions on climate mitigation; it is a central element of overall strategy and establishes targets and actions for the transition to low-carbon business activities, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with the Paris Agreement and the goal of limiting warming to 1.5 C versus the pre-industrial level. Because of this, Bayer reports no other separate climate protection concepts. For adaptation, the same Transition and Transformation Plan is the most important framework, establishing targets and actions to strengthen the company's resilience against the impacts of climate change. As the plan comprises all significant aspects of the adaptation strategy, Bayer again reports no other concepts in this area and cross-references the E1-1 section for details.

Reference: pages 137 to 142

Bayer developed a roadmap to 2029 with actions to reduce emissions on the path to net zero by 2050. For Scope 1 and 2: procuring electricity from renewable sources (currently 39.5% of purchased electricity, targeting all externally procured electricity by 2029, expected 17% reduction), including agreements such as Cat Creek Energy in Idaho and German site contracts (around 300 GWh of wind/solar by 2029); energy efficiency and process optimisation under ISO 14001 and ISO 50001 (expected 2%); low-emission heating and cooling procurement (expected 2%); and converting around 23,000 vehicles to electromobility by 2030 via the EV100 initiative (around 1%, currently around 18% hybrid/electric). Remaining Scope 1 and 2 emissions are to be offset from 2030 with verified certificates, mainly forest conservation and reforestation, supported by LEAF coalition participation. For Scope 3: supplier cooperation and selection (22 of the 100 most important suppliers, responsible for 38% of upstream Scope 3, set short-term SBTi-reviewed targets; expected over 4.2%); supplier renewable electricity by 2030 under RE100 criteria (expected 2.6%); renewable energy in warehousing and freight (expected 0.5%, road freight was 98.1% of routes); and business travel and packaging measures including a recyclable APET blister pack for Aleve reducing that packaging footprint by 38% (expected 0.5%). Long-term actions to 2050 include innovative technologies (carbon capture, storage and utilisation, hydrogen), new products with sustainability-by-design, and offsetting residual unavoidable emissions. In agriculture, Bayer promotes climate-smart and regenerative practices (high-yielding genetics, no-till, cover crops, precision irrigation, digital farming), seeing potential to cut up to one gigaton of global emissions.

Reference: pages 143 to 145

Bayer's climate targets use base year 2019. The 2024 interim targets (20% reduction in combined Scope 1 and 2 and 6% in target-relevant Scope 3) were met or exceeded, with actual reductions of 21.3% (Scope 1 and 2) and 12.7% (five-category Scope 3) versus 2019. For 2029, the original target was a 42% absolute reduction in combined Scope 1 and 2 (2019 base 3.76 million t CO2 eq), revalidated by the SBTi in 2024 and aligned with 1.5 C. Within this, Scope 1 fell 9.4% and market-based Scope 2 fell 36.8% by 2024 versus 2019. The original 2029 Scope 3 target (12.3%, validated 2020) was updated at the end of 2024 to a 25% reduction covering a broader set of upstream and downstream categories, with details to follow in 2025. The net zero 2050 target is a 90% absolute reduction in Scope 1, 2 and 3 versus 2019 (2019 total 13.78 million t CO2 eq across eight Scope 3 categories), with the remaining 10% offset by long-term carbon credits; validated by the SBTi in 2024 and aligned with the UN SDGs and Business Ambition for 1.5 C. Total emissions fell 17.7% by 2024 versus 2019. An agriculture target aims to help farming customers cut on-field emissions intensity per unit of crop by 30% by 2030 versus a base intensity of 726 kg CO2 eq per metric ton (17 crop-country combinations); a 9% reduction was achieved, driven mainly by India-Rice.

Reference: pages 146 to 147

Production at Bayer's sites accounts for the most significant share of energy demand, which generally scales with production volume. Energy data is collected annually for all environmentally relevant sites (annual energy consumption above 1.5 TJ and/or water consumption at or above 50 Tm3), measured for January to October with estimates for November and December, then centrally validated. Total energy consumption fell slightly to 9,055 thousand MWh in 2024 (2023: 9,127 thousand MWh). Total fossil energy consumption was 7,058 thousand MWh, including natural gas at 2,842 and purchased fossil electricity, heat, steam and cooling at 3,303. Total renewable energy consumption was 1,560 thousand MWh and nuclear was 303. The share of fossil sources was 77.9% (2023: 78.5%), nuclear 3.3%, renewable 17.2% (2023: 16.7%), and other non-renewable 1.5%. All business areas are classified as high climate impact sectors under the NACE definition. Energy intensity in high climate impact sectors was 194 MWh per million euros of net revenue (2023: 192), based on 46,606 million euros of revenue.

Reference: pages 148 to 152

In 2024, gross Scope 1 emissions were 1.88 million t CO2 eq (2023: 1.89), with 13% from regulated emissions trading schemes (five plants, about 248,000 t). Gross location-based Scope 2 was 1.65 and market-based Scope 2 was 1.08 (2023: 1.12). Gross Scope 3 across eight GHG Protocol categories was 8.38 million t CO2 eq (2023: 9.18), a fall of 8.7%, with category (3.1) purchased goods and services the largest at 5.87 (70% of Scope 3). Combined Scope 1 and market-based Scope 2 fell 1.9% versus 2023, mainly through more renewable electricity. Total location-based emissions were 11.91 and total market-based emissions 11.34 million t CO2 eq (2023: 12.20). Reductions in the five target-relevant Scope 3 categories were 8.8%. For reporting, Bayer uses five Scope 3 categories for SBTi target tracking and eight for ESRS reporting; other categories are excluded as not relevant or lacking standardised methods. Emissions follow the GHG Protocol, using estell 6 and Sphera LCA databases. Crop Science accounts for the largest share of Scope 1 (1.56) and market-based Scope 2 (0.93). GHG intensity was 256 t CO2 eq per million euros location-based and 243 market-based.

Reference: pages 153

Bayer's focus is on reducing its own emissions, but it also participates in voluntary carbon markets. In 2024 it offset 0.71 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents (2023: 0.6 million), purchasing certificates exclusively from nature-based solutions, of which 57% came from carbon reduction projects. All certificates purchased in 2024 were used that year. Projects are located in Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Malawi, Sierra Leone, the United States and Uruguay, with none in the EU. All certificates lie outside the scope of corresponding adjustments for inter-government carbon credit trade. Certificates must meet criteria covering transparency, additionality, permanence, measurability, quality/standards, innovation, impact, co-benefits, no leakage, no double counting and no net harm. 100% were verified to external standards such as VCS, CCB or EcoRegistry. The Bayer Carbon Program financially supports farmers applying sustainable practices, with more than 359,000 certificates issued in 2024 and the equivalent of 0.1 million metric tons of CO2 acquired. Bayer also offset 0.21 million metric tons from air travel and made no greenhouse gas neutrality claims using certificates in 2024.

Reference: pages 153

Bayer aligns its capital expenditures with its net zero by 2050 target. To make the carbon footprint of an investment visible in decision-making, it has introduced an internal CO2 shadow price of 100 euros per metric ton of CO2 equivalents, applied to the emissions expected over a 10-year use of the investment, to support more climate-friendly capital expenditure decisions. The shadow price covers expected Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions but excludes electricity use associated with the investment, where the renewable electricity transition is the key factor. The internal price calculation is part of the capital expenditure decision analysis and environmental assessment for projects exceeding 10 million euros that relate directly to fossil fuel consumption or heating and cooling energy, and is sometimes applied voluntarily to smaller projects. The 100 euro price was determined using criteria including conformity with emissions trading scheme prices, carbon tax levels, societal costs of carbon, voluntary offset prices, the cost of measures to meet reduction targets, and benchmarking against competitors. Five-year financial planning reflects related expenditures, but the internal price is not used to recognise or measure assets.

Reference: page 154

Bayer's pollution policies cover both incidents and the handling of substances of concern. The Health, Safety and Environmental Management (HSE) and HSE Key Requirements Policy aims to reduce negative impacts on air, water and soil through pollution control standards, monitoring, waste and emission avoidance, soil and groundwater protection, and requirements for hazardous, radioactive and biological materials. Process and plant safety rules prevent dangerous releases and align with REACH, CLP and Responsible Care. The Bayer Supplier Code of Conduct requires safe handling of hazardous substances including SoCs and SVHCs. A separate global policy governs assessment of chemical substances, and a policy requires environmental and sustainability studies for capital expenditure projects exceeding 10 million euros.

Reference: page 157

Bayer has implemented a process-oriented HSE management system across all sites, covering hazard identification, risk assessment, employee involvement, safety training, maintenance, and a global audit program based on ISO 19011. The process and plant safety management system rests on seven pillars: organization and personnel, risk identification and assessment, operational control, change management, contingency planning, performance oversight, and audit and review. To prevent supply chain pollution, Bayer assesses and audits chemical suppliers and supports corrective measures. Product-related environmental risk management monitors regulatory developments, classifies substances under GHS, provides safety data sheets and registers chemicals under REACH. Through the PREMIER public-private partnership, Bayer helps assess environmental risks of pharmaceuticals over a six-year program covering 25 existing pharmaceuticals.

Reference: page 162

Bayer has not set measurable, time-dependent, results-oriented targets for its impacts, risks and opportunities in the area of pollution, apart from greenhouse gas emissions, and does not currently plan to set such targets. The company explains that it constantly seeks improvements to minimize the material impacts and risks associated with pollution and waste in line with its HSE Key Requirements, and that the area of health, safety and environment is highly regulated, so all legal and other requirements must be complied with. The effectiveness of its pollution policies and actions is tracked through the HSE management system, which is supported by HSE principles covering integration into business strategy, systematic risk management, audits and continuous improvement.

Reference: page 162

Bayer discloses this as entity-specific information. It reports emissions of substances listed in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) and of substances of concern and very high concern under ESRS where emitted volumes exceed E-PRTR or CLP thresholds, applying OECD guiding principles and using direct measurement or estimates. In 2024, no environmental incidents at its plants led to E-PRTR-listed emissions above threshold values. Three transport incidents involving Crop Science products in Sao Paulo, Brazil (May, August and November) led to emissions of substances of concern. Approximately 334 kg of substances of concern, classed as chronic hazard to the aquatic environment, were emitted to soil. No substances of very high concern were emitted above CLP thresholds in 2024.

Reference: page 163

Bayer reports quantities of substances of concern and substances of very high concern that are procured and sold, using a data model combining environment, health and safety data with procurement and finance transaction data and external regulatory information under the CLP and REACH regulations. Substances of very high concern are a subgroup of substances of concern. Procured quantities regularly exceed sold quantities, mainly due to losses during chemical reactions in production. In 2024, total substances of concern procured amounted to 321.48 thousand metric tons, with 0.32 sold as product and 22.96 as part of a product. Total substances of very high concern procured amounted to 4.80 thousand metric tons, with 0.16 sold as part of a product.

Reference: page 165

Bayer addresses water scarcity through an efficient, sustainable water management system across its value chain, based on its Water Position and related risk mitigation measures. The Water Position sets out how the company conserves water and improves usage efficiency in its own operations, with suppliers, for customers and through municipal projects, applying strict worldwide standards and promoting water reuse, recycling and wastewater treatment. It applies to all sites, including some in water-scarce regions. The HSE and HSE Key Requirements Policy supports responsible water management through pollution control standards, retention and disposal capacity, and wastewater management. Process and plant safety rules reduce the risk of water contamination. Responsibility lies with the Chief Sustainability Officer, supported by the Public Affairs, Sustainability and Safety Enabling Function.

Reference: page 167

Bayer is establishing water management systems at all relevant sites in regions affected by water scarcity, scheduled for completion by 2030. Each system is designed individually based on detailed local analysis of water supply and disposal, with locally adapted countermeasures such as alternative supply sources, improved wastewater quality and wastewater recirculation, supported by employee training and roundtables with authorities and residents. The company also pursues opportunities through product innovations, including more resilient seeds and varieties such as Seminis Aryaman tomatoes, Deltapine cotton and Arize hybrid rice. Bayer promotes direct seeded rice (DSR), which can reduce water use in rice production by up to 40%, associated greenhouse gas emissions by up to 45% and manual labor demand by up to 50%, focusing especially on the Crop Science portfolio.

Reference: page 167

In its Crop Science Division, Bayer has set a target of supporting smallholder customers in increasing water productivity by 25% by 2030 against a 2019-2021 average baseline, through the transformation of rice cropping in the relevant geographies where Bayer operates, starting in India. Water productivity is defined as kilograms of crop yield per volume of water applied (kg/m3). The base year validation has not yet been completed. The target is currently focused on the DirectAcres Initiative, which aims to support farmers in shifting from the traditional rice cultivation method (transplanted puddled rice, TPR) to direct seeded rice (DSR). The method used to determine the water target will be published in a timely manner.

Reference: page 168

Water extraction and discharge data is collected at each environmentally relevant site, defined as sites with annual energy consumption above 1.5 terajoules or annual water consumption of at least 50 Tm3, using direct measurement where available and estimates for November and December. Total water consumption in 2024 was 21.01 million m3 (2023: 20.78 million m3), calculated as the difference between water extracted and discharged. Consumption in regions impacted by water risks, including high water stress, was 5.36 million m3 (2023: 4.92 million m3), identified using the WRI Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas 4.0. Total water extraction was 53.47 million m3, while recycled and reused water reached 384.80 million m3, a recycling ratio of 719%. Water intensity was 450.80 m3 per million euros of net sales.

Reference: page 169

Bayer states that, through identifying, evaluating and prioritizing the biodiversity and ecosystem related impacts, risks and opportunities of its business model along the value chain, it determined material issues within its double materiality assessment that also relate to the resilience of its strategy. For this reason, no additional separate resilience analysis was conducted. With regard to biodiversity, Bayer expects compliance with regulatory requirements and legal regulations across its business activities. Its double materiality assessment did not identify material impacts from normal site operations on biodiversity, ecosystems and endangered species, leaving sites principally subject to the residual risk of unforeseen events that could lead to negative impacts.

Reference: page 170

Bayer addresses soil degradation and biodiversity decline on farmland through its Product Stewardship Commitment, Principles and Key Requirements Policy, which applies across the life cycle of seeds, genetically modified plant traits, biologics and crop protection products. The policy covers research and development, responsible use, packaging management and disposal, and addresses the impacts of products on species and ecosystems. It draws on internationally recognized standards including the FAO-WHO Code of Conduct, CropLife's Plant Biotechnology Code, Excellence Through Stewardship and Responsible Care. To manage reputational risks linked to societal perceptions of crop protection products, Bayer applies its Bayer Societal Engagement (BASE) principles within its Code of Conduct, supported by compulsory employee training.

Reference: page 171

Bayer's key actions center on its concept of regenerative agriculture, supplemented by responsible use initiatives such as the Bayer Safe Use Ambassador Program, the BayG.A.P. service program and the CropKey Target-Based Discovery approach for more selective modes of action. Regenerative agriculture aims at six outcomes including higher yields, improved soil health, climate change mitigation, and maintaining and restoring biodiversity. To incorporate local knowledge, Bayer runs the Farmer Voice survey across eight countries and operates Bayer Forward Farming, a network of 24 Forward Farms across Europe, Latin America and Asia. To manage reputational risks, Bayer maintains a transparency platform sharing crop protection safety study results and the OpenLabs 360 virtual platform. Biodiversity offsets are not part of the action plan.

Reference: page 174

Bayer's target focuses on reducing the environmental impact of its crop protection products, particularly their impact on non-target organisms on and near farmland. By 2030, Bayer aims to reduce the treated-area-weighted environmental impact per hectare of its global crop protection portfolio by 30%, using the average impact over the 2014 to 2018 period as the baseline. The target was set based on the planetary boundaries concept and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and aligns with the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and target 7 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Bayer applies the Crop Protection Environmental Impact Reduction (CP EIR) methodology, drawing on the externally developed PestLCI and USEtox models, currently limited to aquatic organisms.

Reference: page 175

According to data for the 2019 through 2023 period, Bayer reduced the treated-area-weighted environmental impact per hectare of its global crop protection portfolio by 13% against the 2014 to 2018 baseline, mainly due to the continuous transformation of the portfolio. A 2021 assessment concluded that the impacts of Bayer's crop protection products represent around 2% of the global environmental impact of all crop protection products, despite a market share of around 15% of the global crop protection market by sales. The CP EIR assessment produces a numerical Environmental Impact Score per application scenario, depending on the active ingredient's environmental profile, amount applied, and factors such as application method and timing. Required model input data is third-party data, with crop protection application data drawn mainly from external providers.

Reference: page 176

Bayer manages waste-related impacts through its Health, Safety and Environmental Management (HSE) and HSE Key Requirements Policy, which gives precedence to waste avoidance, promotes recycling wherever possible and ensures safe, environmentally compatible disposal of unavoidable waste in line with the waste hierarchy. The policy does not explicitly address sustainable procurement or the use of renewable resources. A separate Waste Management Policy establishes standardized processes, ensuring compliance with local regulations and international conventions such as the Basel Convention, setting Bayer minimum standards, and providing guidelines for waste hazard classification and provider selection. For recycling and reuse, Bayer operates the re:contrast initiative, collecting contrast agent residues from medical facilities to recover iodine and gadolinium for future use across various European countries.

Reference: page 178

Bayer's waste-related actions follow its HSE and HSE Key Requirements Policy. Operational measures include secondary retention for storage tanks and leakage protection, impermeable surfaces with adequate retention volume in loading and storage areas, and maintaining a current inventory of all waste streams. Risk assessment actions cover contaminated soil during maintenance and construction, protection at decommissioned sites, and regular monitoring of own landfills, with no new company-operated landfills approved. Bayer also involves and trains employees on HSE risks and runs a global HSE audit program based on ISO 19011. These continuous actions are integrated into ongoing operations rather than implemented on a fixed schedule. Each production site has its own HSE officers responsible for safety, prevention and the necessary budget, with site-specific waste management plans implemented globally.

Reference: page 179

Bayer states that it currently has no formalized targets in connection with the circular economy. Nevertheless, it aims to optimize activities and production processes by ensuring efficient use of energy and raw materials, minimizing emissions and waste, and keeping wastewater emissions as low as possible. Waste management and recycling activities are systematically implemented to reduce material consumption and disposal volumes, and individual sites develop their own policies and targets. Bayer supports the proper collection and disposal of obsolete crop protection products and programs for safe recycling and disposal of empty packaging and containers. Its Consumer Health Division has signed the Charter for Environmentally Sustainable Self-Care of the Global Self-Care Federation. Progress is evaluated using indicators such as waste volume reduction, recycling rate increases and legal compliance.

Reference: page 180

Bayer's waste consists of hazardous and nonhazardous waste as defined by local regulations, with each site keeping an up-to-date waste registry recording name, description, origin, volume, composition, hazard classification, treatment and final disposal. Total waste generated fell to 1,021 thousand metric tons in 2024 from 1,165 in 2023, a 12.4% year-on-year decline mainly due to lower production volume in the Crop Science Division, of which 287.78 thousand metric tons was hazardous and 0.02 radioactive. Nonrecycled waste was 462.29 thousand metric tons (2023: 541.55), a 45.3% share of total waste. Waste diverted from disposal totaled 657.32 thousand metric tons, including 559.05 recycling, while 364.26 was directed to disposal, mainly incineration (285.86) and landfill (64.61).

Reference: page 180

Bayer's waste consists of hazardous and nonhazardous waste as defined by local regulations, with each site keeping an up-to-date waste registry recording name, description, origin, volume, composition, hazard classification, treatment and final disposal. Total waste generated fell to 1,021 thousand metric tons in 2024 from 1,165 in 2023, a 12.4% year-on-year decline mainly due to lower production volume in the Crop Science Division, of which 287.78 thousand metric tons was hazardous and 0.02 radioactive. Nonrecycled waste was 462.29 thousand metric tons (2023: 541.55), a 45.3% share of total waste. Waste diverted from disposal totaled 657.32 thousand metric tons, including 559.05 recycling, while 364.26 was directed to disposal, mainly incineration (285.86) and landfill (64.61).

Reference: page 184

Bayer's Human Rights Policy sets standards covering child and forced labor and human trafficking, applies to all employees worldwide and the value chain, and follows the UN Guiding Principles, OECD Guidelines, the International Bill of Human Rights and ILO conventions. Six priority issues were identified, including the right to health and protection against child labor. The Code of Conduct includes Health & Safety and Fairness and Respect at Work sections and commits to non-discrimination per ILO Convention No. 111. Topic-specific policies cover fairness and respect at work (Code of Conduct and Supplier Code of Conduct), training and development (Bayer learning ecosystem), adequate wages (Living Wage Program), preventive health (BeWell@Bayer), work-life balance, pensions, and occupational health and safety (HSE Key Requirements Policy).

Reference: page 186

Bayer respects freedom of association under its Code of Conduct and Human Rights Policy, allowing employees to join organizations of their choosing and participate in wage negotiations per local law. In 2024, collective agreements applied to around 53% of the workforce worldwide. Employees at all sites can elect representatives. Engagement is measured through feedback discussions and employee surveys, plus an annual HR survey and internal audits. Main dialogue formats are employee assemblies, information events and the European Forum, where European representatives engage with the Board of Management. In Germany, local works councils, the Central Works Council and Group Works Council operate under the Works Constitution Act. Cooperation is described as a trust-based social partnership, with HR partners trained in local codetermination rules.

Reference: page 185

Bayer operates a global Speak Up Channel available in numerous languages, a secure channel letting everyone, including the public, report alleged compliance violations confidentially and anonymously where local law permits. Employees and third parties can also contact the compliance department directly via Speak.up@bayer.com. Suspected violations are recorded and processed under a standardized Group-wide system. Reports are immediately forwarded to responsible persons for investigation per Bayer's internal investigation guidelines. If contact data is given, the investigation team makes initial contact within seven days, and those reporting are notified of progress and conclusion. Information is shared strictly on a need-to-know basis, with high value placed on confidentiality and anonymity, and a protected communication channel via personal access number and password.

Reference: page 188

Bayer's actions include fair and inclusive talent acquisition, with manager training on hiring practices and bias awareness, inclusive language in job advertisements, and use of market insights since 2023. Training measures such as Understanding prejudices worldwide and the Leadership Link mentorship program promote cultural awareness. The annual Employee Survey gathers feedback on inclusion (a high approval rating of 4.0/5 on encouraging creativity). Five global Business Resource Groups (ENABLE, MERGE, GROW, BayAfro, BLEND) promote an inclusive workplace, each sponsored by a Board member. Training and development use the Learning Management System and Learning Experience Platform plus an AI-based Talent Marketplace. Salaries are reviewed annually to ensure adequate wages. Preventive health runs via BeWell@Bayer and MyHealth. In 2024 a heat stress questionnaire was developed for agricultural sites.

Reference: page 195

Bayer aspires to women's representation in top management globally of 33% by 2025 and 50% by 2030, and to increase the average proportion of women at all management levels to 50% by 2025 and beyond. Top management is defined as the top 500 executives, including the Board of Management. The proportion of women in top management rose to 35.1% at year-end 2024 (2023: 31.8%). The average proportion of women across all management levels rose slightly to 44.1% in 2024 (2023: 43.6%). Commitments use 2020 as the baseline and are measured in percentages. Stakeholders participated in target setting through dialogue and stakeholder meetings, with a presentation to the Board on December 15, 2020. The Board is notified of annual progress.

Reference: page 196

Bayer had 94,081 employees worldwide as of December 31, 2024 (2023: 101,139), or 92,815 full-time equivalents (2023: 99,723). Countries with significant employment are Germany (21,824) and the USA (17,697). In 2024, 42.1% of employees were female (unchanged from 2023): 39,585 female and 54,496 male. Bayer does not report Diverse or Not specified gender declarations, permitted only in eight countries and used in only two (Canada and Germany), about 0.03% of that workforce. Temporary contracts covered 2.4% of employees (2023: 2.9%): 91,864 permanent and 2,217 temporary employees. In 2024, 13,351 employees left Bayer (2023: 11,347), a total fluctuation rate of 14.0% (2023: 11.3%). Data is as of December 31, 2024.

Reference: page 197

In 2024, working conditions for 53.0% of Bayer's employees worldwide were regulated by collective bargaining agreements (2023: 53.0%). Within the European Economic Area, Germany is the only country with significant employment, and it falls in the 80 to 100% band for both collective bargaining coverage and workplace representation (social dialogue). Employees at all Bayer sites worldwide have the right to elect their own representatives, and in various country companies elected representatives have a say in certain personnel decisions. Since 1991 an agreement has governed employee representation through a European works council (the Bayer European Forum), most recently amended in 2022. The metrics are as of December 31, 2024, based on headcount, compiled annually through an internal query to HR country organizations covering about 98% of employees.

Reference: page 197

Bayer's top management consists of 176 women (2023: 177) and 326 men (2023: 379), meaning 35.1% of top managers are female (2023: 31.8%) and 64.9% are male (2023: 68.2%). Top management is defined as the top 500 managers, including the Board of Management. As regards age composition, the demographic situation varies widely by region. Overall, the largest proportion of employees are aged 30 to 50, at 64.1% (2023: 63.2%). By age group in headcount for 2024: under 30 years totaled 10,926, 30 to 50 years totaled 60,278, and over 50 years totaled 22,877. The age composition metrics apply as of December 31, 2024, based on headcount, covering about 98% of employees connected to the global human resources system.

Reference: page 198

As standard practice, Bayer pays at least a living wage, which is reviewed and defined annually worldwide by the nonprofit Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), and compensates employees on both permanent and temporary contracts above the statutory minimum wage in many countries of operation. This also applies to part-time employees, whose compensation is proportionately adjusted to a full-time position. Payment of living wages is implemented at country level and reviewed annually by HR to ensure BSR requirements are met across the Group, covering about 97% of employees connected to the global human resources system. A living wage is defined as the wage required to meet a minimum cultural and social standard of living, including basic needs such as accommodation, energy and food, plus leisure, cultural participation and a savings rate, and is adjusted yearly.

Reference: page 198

Bayer's health and safety management system complies with recognized international standards such as ISO 45001 and covers 100% of the workforce. In 2024 there were 439 recordable work-related accidents (2023: 459), of which 397 involved employees and 42 nonemployees. The rate of recordable work-related accidents fell to 2.20 in 2024 (2023: 2.24); the employee rate was 2.05 and the nonemployee rate 7.58. The rate reflects occupational injuries per 500 full-time employees, using a global average of 159 monthly working hours per person. In 2024 there were no fatalities from work-related injuries or ill health among Bayer's own workforce (2023: seven), while two value chain workers lost their lives (2023: five). Metrics are as of December 31, 2024, based on headcount including casual employees.

Reference: page 199

Objective compensation structures enabling equal pay by gender are a cornerstone at Bayer, including a Group-wide analysis of the unadjusted gender pay gap. Bayer's unadjusted gender pay gap in 2024 was 3.46%. The annual total compensation ratio was 52.8 in 2024 (2023: 55.5), showing the factor by which the median employee's annual total compensation would need to be multiplied to match the best-paid employee's. Both metrics are based on the December 31, 2024 closing date and calculated on total labor costs, derived by multiplying base salary by uniformly applied factors. Annual total compensation includes base salary, short- and long-term variable compensation (STI and LTI), company car, pension, additional benefits, social insurance and insurance policies, covering about 97% of employees connected to the global human resources system.

Reference: page 199

All Bayer Group employees are obligated to report material compliance violations, using the global Speak Up Channel or the email address Speak.up@bayer.com. In 2024 there were 148 entries into Bayer's case management system in the Fairness and Respect at Work category (2023: 328), encompassing discrimination, sexual harassment and bullying. Employees submitted a total of 570 grievances (2023: 595) through the externally operated Speak Up Channel, including anonymous grievances. No fines, sanctions or damage payments were imposed in 2024 in connection with incidents in the categories Fairness and Respect at Work, Working Conditions, Equal Treatment for All, and Other Work-Related Rights (2023: 0 euros). There were no serious human rights incidents in 2024 (2023: 0), and no related fines, sanctions or damage payments. Data is annual for 2024 and includes casual employees.

Reference: page 201

Bayer uses its Supplier Code of Conduct, Human Rights Policy and site safety guidelines to minimize impacts and risks for value chain workers. The Supplier Code of Conduct sets human rights requirements covering protection against child labor, freedom from slavery and forced labor, fair working conditions, freedom of association, and responsible resource management, and a global guidance document gives suppliers concrete benchmarks and good practice examples. The Human Rights Policy commits Bayer to a due diligence approach based on the UNGPs, the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and the OECD Guidelines. An annual and ad hoc risk analysis, aligned with the Chemie3 standard, identifies and prioritizes human rights risks across the value chain.

Reference: page 205

Bayer states it currently has no general process for direct engagement with value chain workers but strives to understand their interests and perspectives through direct dialogue with suppliers and other stakeholders, which informs its evolving stakeholder management concept. Bayer regularly engages stakeholders on human rights and participates in committees and initiatives, including the relevant working groups of econsense, where it has overseen the themes of human rights and industry since 2022, and the Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) initiative. To address child labor in agriculture, Bayer joined other seed companies in 2019 to establish the Enabling Child and Human Rights with Seed Organizations (ECHO) initiative, a large multi-stakeholder forum promoting children's rights and decent work.

Reference: page 205

Bayer pursues various approaches to prevent and mitigate negative impacts on value chain workers and thereby indirectly improve their working conditions. A central approach is the grievance mechanism for raising concerns through Bayer's global Speak Up Channel. The Speak Up Channel is open both to Bayer's own employees and to any third party, such as value chain workers, who wishes to report a potential compliance violation, regardless of whether the third party has a business relationship with Bayer or whether the company's own rights are affected. Bayer notes that a conclusive and comprehensive evaluation of the trustworthiness of the grievance procedure from the viewpoint of supply chain workers is not practicable given the number of people who can access the tool.

Reference: page 203

Grievance management (Speak Up Channel) and supplier audits are Bayer's primary means of identifying corrective and remedial measures. On-site audits are conducted by Bayer's internal HSE auditors and by external auditors under the TfS and PSCI industry initiatives, with compliance also checked through EcoVadis assessments. In 2024, identified incidents included 0 child labor cases (2023: 1), 63 occupational health and safety noncompliances (2023: 44), 5 discrimination cases, and 11 inadequate wage cases. A total of 122 suppliers were in the Supplier Development Program in 2024, with 34 completing re-evaluation at a 97% improvement rate. The Child Care Program in India, Bangladesh and the Philippines prevents child labor in seed production.

Reference: page 205

Bayer reports that it is currently developing potential Group-oriented targets related to workers in the value chain and has not yet set specific quantified targets. The company states it wants to perform due diligence with regard to constructive stakeholder involvement and is working on a concept that incorporates the interests of affected parties. In doing so, Bayer is cooperating with parties including representatives of its suppliers so that it can implement appropriate targets and metrics in the future. In the meantime, Bayer monitors the effectiveness of its concepts and actions through the supplier audits described elsewhere in the statement.

Reference: page 206

Bayer's Human Rights Policy and Supplier Code of Conduct are central to its concepts and policies for mitigating impacts and risks for affected communities. Because potential impacts arise both in the downstream value chain and from unforeseen environmental events at Bayer's own sites, the company aims to mitigate impacts where they occur, especially in pollution, water and waste management. The Human Rights Policy commits Bayer to responsibly manage resources and account for community needs, and the Supplier Code obligates suppliers to do the same. Inclusion of local communities usually occurs at the site level, so there is no globally binding general approach or generally applicable remedy. In 2024, NGOs submitted a grievance to the German OECD national liaison office regarding GM soy seeds and glyphosate-based pesticides in South America.

Reference: page 208

Bayer reports that it does not currently pursue a generally applicable approach for the involvement of affected communities. Instead, the inclusion of affected communities takes place at the site level. This reflects the heterogeneity of Bayer's sites and the differing local circumstances in which they operate, which the company elsewhere cites as the reason there is no globally binding general approach for including local communities. For the issue of water stress, for example, inclusion of local communities occurs through joint local projects, with suitable measures decided on and implemented at the site level rather than through a single company-wide engagement process.

Reference: page 208

Bayer pursues various approaches to prevent and mitigate negative impacts on affected communities. One approach is its global Speak Up Channel, the grievance mechanism for raising concerns, which is globally available to any person. In general, all persons outside the company, including impacted communities worldwide, can access the Speak Up Channel, which Bayer also makes available via its website. Bayer notes that the large number of persons who can access the channel presents a significant challenge, so a conclusive evaluation of the trustworthiness of and satisfaction with the grievance process from the viewpoint of affected communities is currently not possible. The company also describes measures to protect individuals from retaliation in its business conduct chapter.

Reference: page 208

To reduce potential negative impacts on surrounding communities, Bayer focuses on water management at its own sites and in the downstream value chain, on waste management, and on integrating stringent safety practices in its operations. In the downstream value chain, direct seeded rice (DSR) is promoted as a less resource-intensive cultivation system that Bayer presumes can reduce water consumption in rice growing by up to 40%, addressing water scarcity for communities. Health, safety and environmental practices aim to prevent pollution-related accidents at the point of origin. Bayer is establishing a water management system at all relevant sites, including water-scarce regions, scheduled for completion by 2030, and applies comprehensive waste management under its HSE policy.

Reference: page 208

Bayer reports that it has not defined any specific metrics and targets for affected communities. Because its performance in reducing impacts on affected communities is based on reducing the underlying causal impacts in the areas of environment, water and waste, the company has not formulated separate parameters and targets for affected communities. Bayer nonetheless wants to monitor the effectiveness of its concepts and actions regarding the material impacts and risks for affected communities, and its efforts are focused on reducing the underlying impacts in the areas of pollution, water and waste. For further detail it refers to its chapters on Pollution, Water and Marine Resources, and Circular Economy.

Reference: page 212

Bayer's policies span three areas. For social involvement, the Code of Conduct, IP principles, responsible marketing rules of conduct, BASE principles and the Crop Science Product Stewardship Commitment, Principles and Key Requirements Policy govern access to products, healthcare and ethical marketing, aligned with the UNGPs. For personal safety, the Product Safety and Quality: Reporting Obligations of Employees Policy covers all human-use products, supported by Bioethical Principles and ethical clinical-study standards following the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH-GCP. For access to information, the Product Stewardship Policy sets rules on transparent, accurate product labeling under the GHS and FAO good labeling practice. No cases of noncompliance with the UNGPs were reported in 2024. Many policies are publicly available.

Reference: page 223

Company-wide principles in the Bayer Code of Conduct determine how Bayer engages with patients, customers, consumers and other stakeholders, with responsibility held by the CEO. Bayer states it wants to listen, understand, take concerns seriously and conduct respectful dialogue. Processes are established throughout the company to address inquiries about product safety or problems with marketed products. Feedback from direct contact with consumers, end-users and their representatives, such as physicians or pharmacists, feeds into risk assessment. Products are observed and evaluated after approval and throughout their life cycle so adverse impacts are identified early and risk mitigation decided. Bayer notes that clinical trials are usually conducted with adults aged 18 to 64, so safety data for special population groups is limited and additional studies and information materials support these groups.

Reference: page 224

Bayer's Speak Up Channel offers an accessible, confidential process for reporting human rights and environment-related risks and violations, available to employees and all third parties including consumers and end-users, without reprisals. Product-specific channels are printed on packaging. In Crop Science, users contact sales staff or hotlines; every incident is followed up and managed via a dedicated incident management system and CAIRnew software, with steps ranging from increased training to product withdrawal. Bayer works with hospitals and poison control centers and engages physicians through the Safe Use Ambassador initiative. In Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Health, SafeTrack lets patients, caretakers and healthcare professionals report adverse events digitally into the pharmacovigilance database, leading to measures from updated product information to Direct Healthcare Professional Communication and product withdrawals.

Reference: page 215

For social involvement, Bayer offers small EU vegetable growers free access to European seed patents, advances regenerative agriculture with over 2.6 billion euros invested annually in Crop Science R&D, expands its smallholder farmer portfolio, and runs the Nutrient Gap Initiative to reach 50 million people with vitamins and minerals annually by 2030. It improves access to healthcare through adjusted, equitable pricing for products such as Xarelto and Eylea and through patient access programs in LMICs. For personal safety, Bayer trains farmers on responsible crop protection use, helping train nearly four million farmers in 82 countries via CropLife International, runs the Safe Use Ambassador initiative, monitors adverse events, and discloses clinical trial information. No serious problems or incidents were reported in 2024.

Reference: page 225

Bayer reports three 100 million targets through 2030 focused on at-risk consumers in low- and middle-income countries and underserved regions. It aims to support 100 million smallholder farmers in LMICs by improving access to agricultural products and services; from a 2019 base of 42 million it reached 52 million in 2024, a slight decline from 53 million in 2023 amid competitive pressure in crop protection. It aims to enable 100 million women to access modern contraception; from a 2019 base of 38 million it reached 51 million in 2024, up five million or 11%, though still four million short of the yearly need. It aims to support 100 million people in underserved communities with self-care; from a 2019 base of 41 million it reached 53 million in 2024.

Reference: page 229

Bayer states that integrity is central to its company culture and that it does not tolerate illegal or unethical actions. Its Code of Conduct sets ethical standards and ensures compliance with relevant laws, supported by an effective risk and compliance management system with compulsory training. The global compliance organization is headed by the General Counsel as Group Compliance Officer, who reports to the CFO and the Supervisory Board's Audit Committee. Bayer promotes a culture of openness and operates a global Speak Up Channel allowing employees and the public to report alleged violations confidentially and anonymously where permitted. Confirmed violations are sanctioned and may carry disciplinary, civil or criminal consequences. In 2024 Bayer introduced web-based training on the new Code of Conduct in 92 countries and 15 languages.

Reference: page 230

Bayer's procurement organization sources raw materials, goods and services worldwide, with the head of Procurement reporting to the CFO. Economic, ethical, social and environmental principles are anchored in the Bayer Supplier Code of Conduct and the globally binding Sustainability for Procurement guidance document. Sustainability requirements are included in supplier contracts through a contractual clause, under which suppliers accept the Supplier Code of Conduct and Bayer reserves the right to evaluate compliance. A four-step Group-wide management process covers awareness, nominating suppliers for evaluation, assessment via on-site audits or EcoVadis online assessments, and supplier development with corrective measures where deficiencies are found. Bayer is a member of industry initiatives including PSCI and TfS, the latter a chemical industry initiative it co-founded.

Reference: page 232

Bayer states it does not tolerate corruption and rejects any business opportunity involving bribery or the unlawful exertion of influence. Gifts and invitations are offered only within ethical and legal limits, with the highest standards applied to healthcare professionals and public officials. The Code of Conduct contains binding anti-corruption stipulations, supplemented by Group-wide policies on gifts, event management, charitable giving and third-party audits, enacted through a formal process and monitored via the Integrated Compliance Management system using random audits and inquiries. The Speak-Up Office refers compliance audit cases to independent experts, and multifunctional investigation teams from Legal, Internal Audit and HR process cases. Every new employee completes a 30-minute anti-corruption training session, and high-risk functions received compulsory web-based anti-corruption training.

Reference: page 232

Bayer reports that it was not convicted of any violations of corruption or bribery law in 2024 (2023: 0). It states that the number of confirmed incidents was zero. Furthermore, no fines were imposed on the company for violations of corruption or bribery law in 2024 (2023: 0 euros). These disclosures form part of Bayer's metrics related to business conduct, reflecting its stated commitment to ethical standards and the clear structures it has established for governing the exertion of political influence and lobbying.

Reference: page 233

Bayer has established clear accountabilities for political influence and lobbying, with the head of Global Public Relations reporting to the global head of Public Affairs, Sustainability & Safety, who reports to the CEO; both regularly inform the Board of Management and Supervisory Board. Bayer publishes its political positions and most important lobbying focuses, which in 2024 included science-based regulatory conditions, new genomic techniques in the EU, patent protection, free trade agreements such as EU-Mercosur, and food security. As stated in its Code of Conduct for Responsible Lobbying, the company does not donate to political parties, politicians or candidates (2023: 0 euros). Under US law, employees donated around 278,000 euros through BAYERPAC in 2024 (2023: around 260,000 euros).